中英双语字幕翻译： 1 00:00:08,266 --> 00:00:11,100 旁白：我们享用的每一盘食物中， Narrator: For every plate of food we eat, 2 00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:15,233 有三分之一来自一支隐形劳动大军—— a third was provided by an unseen army of workers... 3 00:00:17,766 --> 00:00:21,733 微小却强大的传粉者。 tiny but powerful pollinators. 4 00:00:22,766 --> 00:00:26,766 杰西卡：传粉者是将花粉 Jessica: Pollinators are animals that move pollen 5 00:00:26,766 --> 00:00:28,466 从一株植物传递到另一株的动物。 from one plant to another. 6 00:00:28,466 --> 00:00:30,200 有时它们这样做 Sometimes they do this 7 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:32,866 是为了换取植物的回报，比如花蜜。 in exchange for a reward from the plant, like nectar. 8 00:00:32,866 --> 00:00:35,466 西尔瓦娜：传粉者形态各异—— Sylvana: Pollinators come in all shapes and sizes-- 9 00:00:35,466 --> 00:00:40,066 蜜蜂、蝇类、蝴蝶、甲虫。 bees, flies, butterflies, beetles. 10 00:00:40,066 --> 00:00:44,100 乌玛特：传粉者对开花植物至关重要。 Ummat: Pollinators are essential for flowering plants. 11 00:00:44,100 --> 00:00:47,033 如果花朵得不到花粉， If flowers don't get pollen, 12 00:00:47,033 --> 00:00:49,433 它们就无法结出种子或果实， they won't produce seeds or fruits 13 00:00:49,433 --> 00:00:52,033 或是所有我们喜爱的产物， or all of these substances that we enjoy 14 00:00:52,033 --> 00:00:55,933 而这些也是许多生态系统所依赖的。 but also that so many ecosystems depend on. 15 00:00:55,933 --> 00:00:57,933 旁白：通过觅食与进食， Narrator: Through foraging and feeding, 16 00:00:57,933 --> 00:01:01,466 传粉昆虫让田野繁花盛开， pollinating insects bring the fields into flower, 17 00:01:01,466 --> 00:01:04,833 而生命依赖于它们的劳动成果。 and life depends on the fruits of their labor. 18 00:01:04,833 --> 00:01:07,166 迪诺：我们能想到的一些最珍贵的食物—— Dino: Some of the most precious food items 19 00:01:07,166 --> 00:01:08,633 巧克力、咖啡、所有水果和坚果—— we can think of-- 20 00:01:08,633 --> 00:01:12,033 我们赖以生存的一些最有营养的食物 chocolate, coffee, all of the fruits and nuts-- 21 00:01:12,033 --> 00:01:15,133 都得益于昆虫才得以存在。 some of the most nutritious food items we depend on 22 00:01:15,133 --> 00:01:19,166 all come about thanks to the insects. 23 00:01:20,333 --> 00:01:22,533 旁白：经过数百万年， Narrator: Over millions of years, 24 00:01:22,533 --> 00:01:24,833 传粉昆虫已经发展出 pollinating insects have developed 25 00:01:24,833 --> 00:01:26,666 复杂的生活周期…… complex life cycles... 26 00:01:27,833 --> 00:01:31,000 以及聪明的防御手段以求生存。 and clever defenses to survive. 27 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:33,600 但在全球范围内， But across the world, 28 00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:37,366 它们现在正面临前所未有的威胁。 they're now facing unprecedented threats. 29 00:01:37,366 --> 00:01:39,833 迪诺：蝴蝶、蜜蜂， Dino: Butterflies, bees, 30 00:01:39,833 --> 00:01:42,666 这些我们如此关注的传粉者， the pollinators that we're so concerned about, 31 00:01:42,666 --> 00:01:45,200 我们在欧洲部分地区 we are seeing in some parts of Europe 32 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:47,933 和北半球温带的一些地区看到 and some parts of the temperate Northern Hemisphere 33 00:01:47,933 --> 00:01:52,366 某些昆虫群体正在消失。 that certain groups of insects are just simply disappearing. 34 00:01:52,366 --> 00:01:55,433 加文：如果我们失去所有本土传粉者， Gavin: If we lost all native pollinators, 35 00:01:55,433 --> 00:01:58,000 我们的食物来源可能会受到威胁。 our food sources could be threatened. 36 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:01,666 我们将面临生态系统 We would be looking at a restructuring of the ecosystem 37 00:02:01,666 --> 00:02:04,233 难以想象的重组。 at an unimaginable level. 38 00:02:04,233 --> 00:02:07,566 旁白：传粉者正面临消失的风险， Narrator: Pollinators are at risk of vanishing, 39 00:02:07,566 --> 00:02:11,900 随之消失的还有它们为地球带来的 and with them, all the color, food, 40 00:02:11,900 --> 00:02:15,500 所有色彩、食物和生命。 and life they bring to the planet. 41 00:02:16,733 --> 00:02:18,033 西尔瓦娜：没有它们， Sylvana: Without them, 42 00:02:18,033 --> 00:02:20,833 世界将变得单调乏味。 it'd be a very colorless and bland world. 43 00:02:20,833 --> 00:02:23,566 如果你爱吃美食又爱美丽事物， If you love to eat and you love pretty things, 44 00:02:23,566 --> 00:02:25,833 我们就需要传粉者。 we need pollinators. 45 00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:50,200 旁白：在全球范围内， Narrator: Across the world, 46 00:02:50,200 --> 00:02:52,266 蝴蝶长久以来被视为 butterflies have long been prized 47 00:02:52,266 --> 00:02:56,400 美丽与蜕变的象征。 as symbols of beauty and transformation. 48 00:02:57,600 --> 00:02:59,366 但尚不清楚 But it's unclear 49 00:02:59,366 --> 00:03:01,100 这些适应力强的生物 whether these adaptable creatures 50 00:03:01,100 --> 00:03:03,000 是否能够跟上 will be able to keep pace 51 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:05,833 地球自身转变的步伐。 as the planet itself transforms around them. 52 00:03:11,366 --> 00:03:14,000 秋人：我在这个地区采集蝴蝶 Akito: I've been collecting butterflies in this area 53 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,500 已经很多很多年了。 for many, many years. 54 00:03:16,500 --> 00:03:18,166 每次回到日本， Every time I come back to Japan, 55 00:03:18,166 --> 00:03:21,533 我都会来这里看看有什么、没什么， I try to come here and see what's here and what's not, 56 00:03:21,533 --> 00:03:24,300 了解发生了什么变化。 and get an idea of what's changing. 57 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:41,466 我从小在日本长大时 I've been looking at butterflies and moths 58 00:03:41,466 --> 00:03:44,466 就开始观察蝴蝶和飞蛾， since I was a little kid growing up in Japan, 59 00:03:44,466 --> 00:03:48,000 这个爱好从未停止。 and I've never really stopped. 60 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:50,500 我的专业是蝴蝶和飞蛾。 My specialty is butterflies and moths. 61 00:03:50,500 --> 00:03:53,466 全球有超过16万种， There are over 160,000 species in the world, 62 00:03:53,466 --> 00:03:55,700 我对它们都非常着迷。 and I'm really fascinated by all of them. 63 00:03:55,700 --> 00:03:58,133 它们几乎无所不能。 They do practically everything. 64 00:03:58,133 --> 00:04:02,933 它们有各种不同的颜色和大小。 They come in all kinds of different colors and sizes. 65 00:04:02,933 --> 00:04:04,666 有太多问题了。 There's so many questions. 66 00:04:04,666 --> 00:04:08,666 每次观察昆虫，我都会想：它在做什么？ Every time I look at an insect, I wonder, What is it doing? 67 00:04:08,666 --> 00:04:10,733 它在想什么？ What is it thinking? 68 00:04:20,566 --> 00:04:25,233 这只是一种豹蛱蝶。 So this one right here is a fritillary butterfly. 69 00:04:25,233 --> 00:04:28,400 这些蝴蝶为荨麻传粉， These butterflies pollinate nettle, 70 00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:31,233 那是一种这里常见的紫色花朵。 which is a purplish flower that's very common here. 71 00:04:31,233 --> 00:04:33,066 我们在寻找蝴蝶时， And when we're looking for butterflies, 72 00:04:33,066 --> 00:04:35,066 会重点关注那种植物， we try to focus on that plant, 73 00:04:35,066 --> 00:04:38,400 因为那是找到蝴蝶的好地方。 because it's a very good place to find butterflies. 74 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:42,533 这种蝴蝶生活在富士山地区 This one is a species that's found in the Mount Fuji area 75 00:04:42,533 --> 00:04:45,066 和这种特定的栖息地。 and this particular kind of habitat. 76 00:04:45,066 --> 00:04:47,933 在这里看到它真是太好了。 It's really nice to see this here. 77 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:51,900 旁白：在富士山的阴影下， Narrator: Here in the shadow of Mount Fuji, 78 00:04:51,900 --> 00:04:57,733 蝴蝶传递着一个信息：某些东西正在改变。 the butterflies bring a message that something is changing. 79 00:04:57,733 --> 00:05:01,333 虽然一些熟悉的物种已无处可寻， While some familiar species are nowhere to be found, 80 00:05:01,333 --> 00:05:04,900 但少数新来者预示着环境的改变。 a few newcomers signal a change in the environment. 81 00:05:04,900 --> 00:05:06,766 秋人：这是一只北黄蝶。 Akito: This is a northern kichou. 82 00:05:06,766 --> 00:05:09,633 它叫黄蝶因为它是黄色的。 It's called kichou because it's a yellow butterfly. 83 00:05:09,633 --> 00:05:12,266 这有点令人担忧，因为它们 It's a little worrisome because they are 84 00:05:12,266 --> 00:05:13,833 本不该出现在这里。 not really supposed to be here. 85 00:05:13,833 --> 00:05:15,466 实际情况是， And what's happening is, 86 00:05:15,466 --> 00:05:17,433 很可能是由于温度变化， most likely because of temperature change, 87 00:05:17,433 --> 00:05:19,800 这些南方物种正从南部 these are southern species that are moving northward 88 00:05:19,800 --> 00:05:21,166 向北迁移。 from the south. 89 00:05:21,166 --> 00:05:23,166 看到一些蝴蝶 It's surprising to see some butterflies 90 00:05:23,166 --> 00:05:27,000 在我小时候这里完全没有，这让我很惊讶。 that I had not seen here at all when I was a child. 91 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:28,966 旁白：南方物种的入侵 Narrator: The intrusion of southern species 92 00:05:28,966 --> 00:05:31,266 表明气候变暖正在引发 points to how a warming climate is triggering 93 00:05:31,266 --> 00:05:33,900 环境的轮班变化。 a shift change in the environment. 94 00:05:33,900 --> 00:05:37,500 随着温度上升，顽强的幸存者向北迁移， As temperatures rise, hardy survivors move north, 95 00:05:37,500 --> 00:05:40,300 而一些本地物种则灭绝。 while some resident species die out. 96 00:05:40,300 --> 00:05:42,000 秋人：和一些同事交谈时， Akito: Talking to some colleagues, 97 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:43,833 他们告诉我某些物种的数量 they've told me that some species are declining 98 00:05:43,833 --> 00:05:48,333 比前一年减少了约50%，这很严重。 by about 50% from the previous year, which is significant. 99 00:05:48,333 --> 00:05:53,833 想到这一点，真是让人大开眼界。 Just to think about that is, it's kind of eye-opening. 100 00:05:53,833 --> 00:05:57,166 旁白：在日本，和世界其他地方一样， Narrator: In Japan, like the rest of the world, 101 00:05:57,166 --> 00:05:59,500 昆虫正处于危险之中。 insects are in danger. 102 00:06:00,900 --> 00:06:06,200 但与任何地方不同的是，这里对昆虫的深厚欣赏 But unlike anywhere else, here, a deep appreciation for bugs 103 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:10,466 长久以来使其成为文化的基石。 has long made them a cornerstone of culture. 104 00:06:10,466 --> 00:06:12,900 秋人：我一半的人生在日本东京度过， Akito: I grew up half my life in Tokyo in Japan 105 00:06:12,900 --> 00:06:15,400 另一半在美国度过。 and the other half in the United States. 106 00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:18,366 那段童年经历让我 And that childhood experience allowed me 107 00:06:18,366 --> 00:06:21,700 接触到了日本的昆虫文化。 to be exposed to the culture of insects in Japan. 108 00:06:23,366 --> 00:06:25,800 昆虫在日本受到很多不同的喜爱。 Insects are really loved in Japan 109 00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:28,066 in so many different ways. 110 00:06:28,066 --> 00:06:29,966 你可以在百货商店买到甲虫， You can buy beetles in department stores 111 00:06:29,966 --> 00:06:32,500 然后自己饲养。 and just grow them yourself. 112 00:06:32,500 --> 00:06:35,633 很多日本诗歌和文学都有它们的身影。 A lot of Japanese poetry, a lot of literature. 113 00:06:35,633 --> 00:06:37,566 这一传统已经延续了很久， This is something that's been going on for a long time, 114 00:06:37,566 --> 00:06:41,033 深深植根于历史中。 and it's deeply rooted in the history. 115 00:06:41,033 --> 00:06:42,700 旁白：在一个昆虫普遍被视为害虫的世界里， Narrator: In a world where bugs are 116 00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:44,200 widely considered pests, 117 00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:47,033 日本的昆虫欣赏文化 Japan's culture of bug appreciation 118 00:06:47,033 --> 00:06:49,066 从很小的时候就开始， starts at an early age 119 00:06:49,066 --> 00:06:51,900 比如在昆虫旅馆这样的地方， at places like an insect hotel, 120 00:06:51,900 --> 00:06:54,833 昆虫爱好者的休憩地。 a retreat for insect enthusiasts. 121 00:06:54,833 --> 00:06:56,966 秋人：我们在铃兰民宿， Akito: We're at the Pension Suzuran, 122 00:06:56,966 --> 00:07:00,266 这是山梨县一家特别的昆虫旅馆， which is a special bug hotel in Yamanashi Prefecture 123 00:07:00,266 --> 00:07:02,133 位于日本中部。 in the central part of Japan. 124 00:07:02,133 --> 00:07:04,633 我父亲带我来这家昆虫旅馆 My father brought me to this insect hotel 125 00:07:04,633 --> 00:07:07,766 因为他希望确保 because he was interested in making sure 126 00:07:07,766 --> 00:07:10,100 我能学习关于昆虫的知识。 that I would learn about insects. 127 00:07:23,633 --> 00:07:25,933 秋人（画外音）：我小时候 Akito, voice-over: When I was a little kid, 128 00:07:25,933 --> 00:07:27,600 其实很不喜欢虫子， I actually really didn't like bugs, 129 00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:30,200 我父亲觉得这是个问题。 and my father thought that was a problem. 130 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:32,400 为了让我对自然产生兴趣 And to get me excited about nature 131 00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:35,233 理解自然的意义， and understanding what nature means, 132 00:07:35,233 --> 00:07:37,966 他觉得带我来这样的地方会很好。 he thought it would be great to bring me to places like this. 133 00:07:39,700 --> 00:07:42,233 看到其他和我一样的孩子观察昆虫 And it was really an amazing experience just seeing 134 00:07:42,233 --> 00:07:44,766 并为此兴奋不已， other children like myself looking at insects 135 00:07:44,766 --> 00:07:47,600 这真是非常棒的体验。 and just getting excited about it. 136 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:49,200 秋人：现在， Akito: So right now, 137 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:52,566 我们给孩子们展示这些锹甲虫， we're showing the kids these stag beetles, 138 00:07:52,566 --> 00:07:54,400 在日本非常受欢迎。 which are very popular in Japan. 139 00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:56,100 这些孩子很喜欢， These kids love it, 140 00:07:56,100 --> 00:07:57,566 一点也不害怕， and they're not scared of them at all, 141 00:07:57,566 --> 00:07:58,966 直接拿起来玩。 they're just picking them up. 142 00:07:58,966 --> 00:08:00,833 其实他们都想养。 They all want to keep them, actually. 143 00:08:00,833 --> 00:08:03,000 还问我能不能带回家。 They asked me if they can take them home. 144 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:11,666 这家旅馆里有很多父母 At this hotel, there's a lot of parents 145 00:08:11,666 --> 00:08:13,833 会向孩子介绍昆虫。 that show their kids what insects are. 146 00:08:13,833 --> 00:08:17,200 看到父母和孩子都为此兴奋， It's really kind of magical and really interesting to see 147 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:20,333 既神奇又有趣。 both the parents and the kids excited about it. 148 00:08:32,100 --> 00:08:33,666 现在我住在美国， So now I live in the United States 149 00:08:33,666 --> 00:08:35,333 有两个孩子， and I have two kids, 150 00:08:35,333 --> 00:08:37,966 带他们回日本了解这种文化 and it's very important for me to bring them back to Japan 151 00:08:37,966 --> 00:08:40,666 对我来说非常重要。 to show them this culture that exists. 152 00:08:40,666 --> 00:08:44,633 喜爱昆虫是件美好的事。 Loving insects is a wonderful thing. 153 00:09:02,200 --> 00:09:04,900 这是...金... This is a... The Chryso... 154 00:09:04,900 --> 00:09:06,766 金灰蝶。金灰蝶。 Chrysozephyrus. Chrysozephyrus. 155 00:09:06,766 --> 00:09:08,733 我这辈子从没捉到过这种蝴蝶， I've never caught this butterfly in my life, 156 00:09:08,733 --> 00:09:11,200 所以非常兴奋。 so I'm very excited. 157 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:13,533 即便我这个年纪仍有新发现。 There's still things to find, even at my age. 158 00:09:14,933 --> 00:09:16,933 这唤起许多回忆。 It brings back so many memories. 159 00:09:16,933 --> 00:09:18,533 小时候， When I was a kid, 160 00:09:18,533 --> 00:09:21,533 我和父亲常去寻找这些蝴蝶。 my dad and I used to go look for these butterflies. 161 00:09:29,333 --> 00:09:32,566 旁白：不久前，人们还认为 Narrator: Not long ago, the seasonal abundance 162 00:09:32,566 --> 00:09:35,400 蝴蝶的季节性大量出现是理所当然的。 of butterflies was simply taken for granted. 163 00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:38,000 似乎除了欣赏其美丽外， There seemed to be little need 164 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:39,600 无需收集更多科学数据。 to collect scientific data 165 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:42,500 beyond appreciating their beauty. 166 00:09:42,500 --> 00:09:45,733 如今即便是儿时的业余收藏 Now even an amateur childhood collection 167 00:09:45,733 --> 00:09:48,400 也成了详实证据的宝库， is a treasure of detailed evidence, 168 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:50,833 和通往过去的珍贵窗口。 and an invaluable window into the past. 169 00:09:54,733 --> 00:09:57,400 秋人：我在日本的这些收藏 Akito: My collection that I have here in Japan 170 00:09:57,400 --> 00:09:59,533 是八岁左右和父亲一起开始的， is something that I started with my dad 171 00:09:59,533 --> 00:10:01,900 when I was about eight years old, 172 00:10:01,900 --> 00:10:06,233 差不多是我女儿现在的年纪。 right about the age of my daughter right now. 173 00:10:06,233 --> 00:10:07,900 我和父亲会去采集， My dad and I would go collecting, 174 00:10:07,900 --> 00:10:09,333 回来后 and we'd come back, 175 00:10:09,333 --> 00:10:11,033 查看所有标本， we'd look at all the specimens, 176 00:10:11,033 --> 00:10:13,733 尝试鉴定分类等等。 and we'd try to identify them and so forth. 177 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:19,733 秋人（画外音）：收藏规模 Akito, voice-over: The collection itself 178 00:10:19,733 --> 00:10:21,400 已经扩大了很多。 has grown quite a bit. 179 00:10:21,400 --> 00:10:23,600 不清楚具体有多少标本， I don't know exactly how many specimens are in there, 180 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:26,266 但大约有一万件左右。 but it's probably around 10,000 specimens or so, 181 00:10:26,266 --> 00:10:28,233 我想。 I think. 182 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:37,400 秋人：日本的国蝶。 Akito: National butterfly of Japan. 183 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:40,066 秋人（画外音）：我的收藏有很大科学价值， Akito, voice-over: My collection has a lot of scientific value, 184 00:10:40,066 --> 00:10:42,833 但更多是个人记忆， but it has more a personal memory, 185 00:10:42,833 --> 00:10:45,200 对我来说像本日记。 and it's more like a diary to me. 186 00:10:46,733 --> 00:10:55,166 我能记起当时的地点、活动、同伴、 I can remember where I was, what I was doing, who I was with, 187 00:10:55,166 --> 00:10:58,400 甚至天气状况。 what the weather was like. 188 00:11:03,766 --> 00:11:05,466 秋人（画外音）：遗憾的是 Akito, voice-over: It's unfortunate 189 00:11:05,466 --> 00:11:06,966 许多曾经常见的昆虫 that a lot of the insects 190 00:11:06,966 --> 00:11:10,166 已经消失了。 that used to be very common have disappeared. 191 00:11:10,166 --> 00:11:12,133 本质上是因为 What's happening, essentially, is that 192 00:11:12,133 --> 00:11:15,833 多种人为因素导致 for many different reasons, mostly human-driven, 193 00:11:15,833 --> 00:11:18,433 昆虫不复往日。 the insects are not what it used to be. 194 00:11:18,433 --> 00:11:20,666 我常想到孩子们， So I think about my children a lot, 195 00:11:20,666 --> 00:11:23,500 他们的未来会怎样。 and what is their future going to look like. 196 00:11:23,500 --> 00:11:25,966 我认为这是我们所有人 And I think that this is something that we all 197 00:11:25,966 --> 00:11:30,666 都应该思考并尝试改变的事。 should be thinking about, and how we can change this. 198 00:11:30,666 --> 00:11:32,933 旁白：蝴蝶的消失 Narrator: The disappearance of butterflies 199 00:11:32,933 --> 00:11:35,466 不仅是怀旧的理由。 isn't simply a cause for nostalgia. 200 00:11:35,466 --> 00:11:38,333 这是一支自然劳动大军的消亡， It's the vanishing of a natural workforce 201 00:11:38,333 --> 00:11:43,466 对开花植物和所有生命的存续至关重要。 critical for the survival of flowering plants and all life. 202 00:11:43,466 --> 00:11:46,633 加文：传粉昆虫是自然界中 Gavin: Pollinating insects are one of the most important 203 00:11:46,633 --> 00:11:49,666 最重要的昆虫群体之一。 assemblages of insects out there. 204 00:11:49,666 --> 00:11:51,400 没有这些传粉者， Without these pollinators, 205 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:54,066 许多植物无法有性繁殖， many of the plants can't sexually reproduce, 206 00:11:54,066 --> 00:11:56,133 无法产生种子。 they can't produce seeds. 207 00:11:56,133 --> 00:11:58,633 旁白：植物扎根土地， Narrator: Rooted in the ground, 208 00:11:58,633 --> 00:12:01,366 无法移动寻找配偶。 plants can't travel to find a mate. 209 00:12:01,366 --> 00:12:05,533 它们需要微型动物伙伴来运送花粉—— Instead, they need tiny animal partners to move pollen, 210 00:12:05,533 --> 00:12:10,033 它们的遗传物质——为其他花朵授精。 their genetic material, to fertilize other flowers. 211 00:12:13,566 --> 00:12:15,133 为吸引传粉者， To enlist the pollinators, 212 00:12:15,133 --> 00:12:18,566 植物会提供甜美的花蜜 the plants offer a sweet reward of sugary nectar 213 00:12:18,566 --> 00:12:21,700 和富含蛋白质的花粉作为回报。 and protein-packed pollen. 214 00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:24,400 蝴蝶和蜜蜂等昆虫 Insects like butterflies and bees 215 00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:26,800 与花朵协同进化， have evolved along with flowers 216 00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:29,533 完美适应了这项工作。 to be perfectly engineered for the job. 217 00:12:29,533 --> 00:12:32,166 花朵进化出蜜管 Flowers developed nectar tubes 218 00:12:32,166 --> 00:12:36,666 来匹配昆虫伙伴的探针式口器。 to fit the probing proboscis of their insect partners. 219 00:12:36,666 --> 00:12:38,566 秋人：重要的是很多时候 Akito: What's important is that a lot of times 220 00:12:38,566 --> 00:12:40,700 花朵会进化出 the flower has evolved 221 00:12:40,700 --> 00:12:44,233 与特定蛾类或蝶类匹配的 a particular morphological shape that is a lock-and-key system 222 00:12:44,233 --> 00:12:46,700 特殊形态结构。 with that particular moth or butterfly. 223 00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:49,700 如果失去那种蝴蝶或蛾子， And so if you lose that butterfly or moth, 224 00:12:49,700 --> 00:12:51,533 植物就无法授粉， that plant can't actually be pollinated, 225 00:12:51,533 --> 00:12:53,900 因为地球上没有其他生物 because no other organism on the planet 226 00:12:53,900 --> 00:12:57,733 能适配那种特殊的花形。 can fit into that particular flower shape. 227 00:12:57,733 --> 00:13:01,266 旁白：蜜蜂等其他昆虫则没那么挑剔。 Narrator: Other insects, like bees, are less particular. 228 00:13:01,266 --> 00:13:03,300 当蜜蜂被花朵吸引时， And when bees are drawn to a flower, 229 00:13:03,300 --> 00:13:06,100 其粘性花粉也会被蜜蜂吸引。 its sticky pollen is drawn to them. 230 00:13:06,100 --> 00:13:09,633 蜜蜂毛发中的静电 A static charge in a bee's hairs 231 00:13:09,633 --> 00:13:13,366 会使花粉跳到蜜蜂身上。 causes pollen to jump onto the bee's body. 232 00:13:14,700 --> 00:13:17,600 全球两万种蜜蜂中， Of the 20,000 species of bees in the world, 233 00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:21,300 最著名的当属首席传粉者—— perhaps the most well-known is the premier pollinator, 234 00:13:21,300 --> 00:13:24,933 西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）。 Apis mellifera, the honey bee. 235 00:13:28,933 --> 00:13:31,800 蜜蜂属于社会性蜂类， The honey bee is what's called a social bee, 236 00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:34,366 生活在大型群体中。 and lives in large colonies. 237 00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:40,766 一个蜂群每天能为多达2.5亿朵花授粉。 A single hive can pollinate up to 250 million flowers 238 00:13:40,766 --> 00:13:43,400 in a day. 239 00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:46,366 这种群居结构使蜜蜂 This hive structure makes honey bees 240 00:13:46,366 --> 00:13:48,933 易于驯养为可运输的蜂群， easy to domesticate in transportable colonies 241 00:13:48,933 --> 00:13:52,200 为我们最重要的作物授粉， to pollinate some of our most important crops 242 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:56,066 并生产它们的标志性产品。 and to produce their signature product. 243 00:14:33,866 --> 00:14:36,100 旁白：蜜蜂社会由 Narrator: A honey bee society is made up 244 00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:38,766 一只蜂后、少量雄蜂 of a single queen, a few males, 245 00:14:38,766 --> 00:14:41,600 和数千只工蜂组成。 and thousands of female workers. 246 00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:44,833 为酿造蜂蜜，工蜂们展现出 To make honey, the workers deploy 247 00:14:44,833 --> 00:14:48,133 一系列非凡能力。 an array of extraordinary capabilities. 248 00:14:48,133 --> 00:14:52,100 它们能计时、长距离导航， They can tell time, navigate long distances, 249 00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:55,833 并通过独特的身体语言 and communicate complex concepts to their sisters 250 00:14:55,833 --> 00:14:57,700 向同伴传递复杂信息。 through a unique form of language 251 00:14:57,700 --> 00:14:59,466 using only their bodies. 252 00:14:59,466 --> 00:15:02,900 西尔瓦娜：蜜蜂有很棒的交流方式。 Sylvana: Honey bees have a great form of communication. 253 00:15:02,900 --> 00:15:05,733 当工蜂发现优质蜜源花园 So a worker finds a great pollinator garden 254 00:15:05,733 --> 00:15:08,000 有大量花蜜资源时， with lots of nectar and flower resources. 255 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,233 它会飞回蜂巢 That worker bee will fly back to the colony 256 00:15:10,233 --> 00:15:12,733 表演"摇摆舞"。 and do something called a waggle dance. 257 00:15:12,733 --> 00:15:15,066 加文：根据特定方位， Gavin: Based on a certain orientation, 258 00:15:15,066 --> 00:15:17,733 它以特定角度定位身体 it positions its body on a particular angle 259 00:15:17,733 --> 00:15:19,566 然后摇摆。 and then waggles. 260 00:15:19,566 --> 00:15:23,400 摇摆动作代表食物源的质量， The waggle is the quality of the food source, 261 00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:26,100 而摇摆的时间和距离 and the amount of time and distance that it moves 262 00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:29,166 表示食物源的距离。 is the distance that the food source is. 263 00:15:29,166 --> 00:15:32,900 蜜蜂身体定位的角度 And then the angle by which the bee positions its body 264 00:15:32,900 --> 00:15:36,000 则是同伴需要遵循的方位， is the vector that the sisters need to follow 265 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:39,233 以找到食物源。 to go find that food source. 266 00:15:39,233 --> 00:15:42,200 西尔瓦娜：工蜂会吸取花蜜—— Sylvana: A worker bee will drink the nectar from a flower, 267 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,566 主要是糖分和大量水分， which is basically sugar and a lot of water, 268 00:15:44,566 --> 00:15:46,366 带回蜂巢。 and they'll bring it back to the hive. 269 00:15:46,366 --> 00:15:49,400 蜜蜂们会将这种 And the honey bees will then pass 270 00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:53,166 含糖的稀薄花蜜在个体间传递。 that sugary, watery nectar from bee to bee. 271 00:15:53,166 --> 00:15:57,066 通过工蜂间的传递， And as they pass it from worker to worker, 272 00:15:57,066 --> 00:15:59,266 它们使花蜜脱水， they dehydrate the nectar, 273 00:15:59,266 --> 00:16:01,933 浓缩成浓稠粘腻的液体， and so they concentrate it into a really thick, 274 00:16:01,933 --> 00:16:05,066 这就是蜂蜜。 viscous liquid, and that's honey. 275 00:16:05,066 --> 00:16:08,066 即高度浓缩的花蜜。 It's just super concentrated nectar. 276 00:16:08,066 --> 00:16:12,166 旁白：储存的蜂蜜全年供养蜂群， Narrator: The stored honey feeds the bees year-round 277 00:16:12,166 --> 00:16:14,733 支撑它们度过 and supports the colony through the winter months, 278 00:16:14,733 --> 00:16:17,566 无花开放的冬季。 when no flowers are blooming. 279 00:16:17,566 --> 00:16:20,500 质地和风味取决于 The texture and flavor depend on the flowers 280 00:16:20,500 --> 00:16:22,000 蜜蜂采集的花朵种类， the bees are foraging, 281 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:25,266 世界上最珍贵的品种之一 and one of the most prized varieties in the world 282 00:16:25,266 --> 00:16:29,666 是法国的"薰衣草蜜"。 is France's miel de lavande, "lavender honey." 283 00:17:19,300 --> 00:17:21,866 旁白：就蜜蜂的产出而言， Narrator: When it comes to the honey bee's output, 284 00:17:21,866 --> 00:17:24,566 蜂蜜只是冰山一角。 honey is just a drop in the bucket. 285 00:17:25,800 --> 00:17:28,700 不再只因其甜美糖浆受重视， No longer prized only for their sweet syrup, 286 00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:30,866 蜜蜂如今已被用作 honey bees have now been harnessed 287 00:17:30,866 --> 00:17:35,866 大型农业的传粉主力。 as the pollinating work horses of Big Agriculture. 288 00:17:35,866 --> 00:17:37,833 加文：我曾在美国80号州际公路 Gavin: I was driving on Interstate 80 289 00:17:37,833 --> 00:17:40,900 看到一辆卡车， in the United States, and I saw a truck, 290 00:17:40,900 --> 00:17:44,400 满载蜜蜂蜂箱。 and it was full of honey bee colonies. 291 00:17:52,566 --> 00:17:54,400 那时我才了解到 That's when I learned about 292 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:56,733 传粉业的工业化。 the industrialization of pollination. 293 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,766 杰西卡：我们幻想植物自然生长， Jessica: We have this fantasy that there's 294 00:18:00,766 --> 00:18:02,733 蜜蜂前去授粉， just plants that grow 295 00:18:02,733 --> 00:18:04,800 但许多农业依赖 and bees go there to pollinate them, 296 00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:07,300 大量需要购买、租赁、 but a lot of agriculture relies 297 00:18:07,300 --> 00:18:09,766 跨州运输的 on a volume of these domesticated bees 298 00:18:09,766 --> 00:18:12,466 驯化蜜蜂群体。 that actually need to be purchased, rented, 299 00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:16,933 and shipped from one part of the country to the other. 300 00:18:16,933 --> 00:18:19,133 旁白：在美国， Narrator: In the United States, 301 00:18:19,133 --> 00:18:21,100 蜜蜂如今为 honey bees now pollinate 302 00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:23,600 高达80%的粮食作物授粉—— a whopping 80% of our food crops-- 303 00:18:23,600 --> 00:18:26,700 水果、蔬菜、坚果， fruits, vegetables, nuts, 304 00:18:26,700 --> 00:18:32,300 年产值超过160亿美元。 a business worth more than $16 billion a year. 305 00:18:32,300 --> 00:18:33,933 杰西卡：阿拉巴马州的蜜蜂 Jessica: Honey bees, let's say, from Alabama, 306 00:18:33,933 --> 00:18:35,766 被运到加州 are then trucked to California 307 00:18:35,766 --> 00:18:37,566 为开花的杏树授粉， when the almond trees are in bloom, 308 00:18:37,566 --> 00:18:40,300 授粉完成后 and then once those flowers are done being pollinated, 309 00:18:40,300 --> 00:18:42,733 蜂箱又被运往其他农场 those hives are then trucked to another farm 310 00:18:42,733 --> 00:18:44,766 为蓝莓、 to pollinate things like blueberries 311 00:18:44,766 --> 00:18:47,033 樱桃或牛油果授粉。 or cherries or avocados. 312 00:18:47,033 --> 00:18:50,366 旁白：许多作物并非北美原产。 Narrator: Many of these crops are not native to North America. 313 00:18:50,366 --> 00:18:52,900 它们与蜜蜂数百年前 They were brought from Europe along with honey bees 314 00:18:52,900 --> 00:18:55,633 一同来自欧洲。 hundreds of years ago. 315 00:18:55,633 --> 00:18:58,600 但因蜜蜂群居生活 But because honey bees live in large colonies 316 00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:01,633 且需持续采集花粉， and need to constantly forage for pollen, 317 00:19:01,633 --> 00:19:05,433 构成了高效劳动力。 they provide a highly efficient workforce. 318 00:19:07,100 --> 00:19:09,866 商业养蜂人大规模 Commercial beekeepers divide and replicate 319 00:19:09,866 --> 00:19:12,833 分拆复制可运输蜂箱。 transportable hives on a mass scale. 320 00:19:12,833 --> 00:19:16,500 每年多达200万个蜂群 Every year, up to 2 million honey bee colonies 321 00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:18,833 逐花期迁徙于各农场， follow the bloom one farm at a time, 322 00:19:18,833 --> 00:19:22,633 我们的生活方式已离不开它们。 and our lifestyle has evolved to depend on them. 323 00:19:22,633 --> 00:19:24,933 西尔瓦娜：若没有蜜蜂为作物授粉， Sylvana: Without the honey bees that are pollinating 324 00:19:24,933 --> 00:19:26,700 食物将变得 all these crops, our food would be 325 00:19:26,700 --> 00:19:29,366 极其昂贵或单调乏味， very, very expensive or very, very bland, 326 00:19:29,366 --> 00:19:33,866 因为我们无法生产足够的食物。 because we wouldn't be able to grow enough to feed ourselves. 327 00:19:33,866 --> 00:19:39,000 我们已深度依赖蜜蜂维系食物供应。 We've come on this reliance of honey bees to help feed us. 328 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,266 加文：这存在巨大风险， Gavin: There's a lot of risk in that, 329 00:19:41,266 --> 00:19:44,500 当你如此大规模工业化 when you've industrialized another species like that 330 00:19:44,500 --> 00:19:46,333 利用另一个物种时。 at this scale. 331 00:19:46,333 --> 00:19:47,700 一旦崩溃， Because if there is a collapse, 332 00:19:47,700 --> 00:19:50,100 我们别无替代方案。 then we don't really have alternatives. 333 00:19:50,100 --> 00:19:51,500 蜜蜂是美国食品生产中 Honey bees are an essential part of 334 00:19:51,500 --> 00:19:53,000 不可或缺的部分， American food production, 335 00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:55,166 但如今正以惊人速度消亡。 but now they are dying off at an alarming rate. 336 00:19:55,166 --> 00:19:58,266 去年近半数蜂群消失。 Nearly half of all colonies gone in the last year. 337 00:19:58,266 --> 00:20:01,200 较往年急剧上升。 That is a sharp increase from years past. 338 00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:03,200 秋人：约2006-2007年， Akito: Around 2006-2007, 339 00:20:03,200 --> 00:20:06,000 许多养蜂人发现 a lot of beekeepers started to discover 340 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:07,600 大批蜂群 that large portions of their colonies 341 00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:09,766 莫名消失。 would simply disappear. 342 00:20:09,766 --> 00:20:13,833 成年工蜂离巢后踪迹全无。 So the adult bees would leave the colonies and just vanish. 343 00:20:13,833 --> 00:20:15,333 记者：研究者称之为 Reporter: Researchers are calling it 344 00:20:15,333 --> 00:20:17,000 蜂群崩溃失调症， Colony Collapse Disorder, 345 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,533 影响价值数十亿美元的作物。 and it's affecting billions of dollars' worth of crops. 346 00:20:19,533 --> 00:20:21,166 另一记者：全国范围的研究 Different reporter: There has been a nationwide 347 00:20:21,166 --> 00:20:22,966 试图找出被称为 research effort to find the mysterious cause 348 00:20:22,966 --> 00:20:26,700 蜂群崩溃失调症（CCD）的神秘病因。 of what's been called bee Colony Collapse Disorder, or CCD. 349 00:20:26,700 --> 00:20:29,700 它已摧毁全美大量蜂群。 It has decimated honey bee colonies across the nation. 350 00:20:29,700 --> 00:20:33,700 西尔瓦娜：那个冬季蜂群锐减 Sylvana: This massive decline in colonies during that winter 351 00:20:33,700 --> 00:20:36,966 首次让昆虫减少现象 was the first time we really saw insect declines 352 00:20:36,966 --> 00:20:39,466 登上头条，并作为警钟 in the headlines, and as a warning bell 353 00:20:39,466 --> 00:20:41,500 提醒生态系统中 for something happening in our ecosystem 354 00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:45,433 影响关键昆虫的变化。 that's impacting the insects that we really need. 355 00:20:46,666 --> 00:20:48,933 旁白：经全球调查， Narrator: After a worldwide investigation, 356 00:20:48,933 --> 00:20:53,833 科学家确认崩溃无单一诱因。 scientists determined there was no single cause of the collapse. 357 00:20:53,833 --> 00:20:58,133 杀虫剂、螨虫、病毒 It appeared insecticides, mites, viruses, 358 00:20:58,133 --> 00:21:00,733 及频繁迁徙的压力 and stress from constant relocation 359 00:21:00,733 --> 00:21:04,666 共同构成致命组合。 all form a deadly combination. 360 00:21:07,566 --> 00:21:09,233 部分政府通过限制 Some governments responded 361 00:21:09,233 --> 00:21:12,366 工业杀虫剂应对， by restricting industrial pesticides, 362 00:21:12,366 --> 00:21:16,100 新抗生素疗法和养蜂实践 and new antibiotic treatments and beekeeping practices 363 00:21:16,100 --> 00:21:20,833 暂时稳定了蜂群状况。 have helped honey bees stabilize for now. 364 00:21:20,833 --> 00:21:22,566 杰西卡：蜂群崩溃失调症 Jessica: I think Colony Collapse Disorder 365 00:21:22,566 --> 00:21:24,566 是记警钟，因为即便 was a good wake-up, because even, 366 00:21:24,566 --> 00:21:26,233 只是短暂地， if only for a moment, 367 00:21:26,233 --> 00:21:29,433 它让普通人意识到昆虫不可替代、 it made the average human think insects aren't fungible, 368 00:21:29,433 --> 00:21:32,000 并非可弃置， they're not disposable, 369 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,033 "我们可能失去它们， there's a chance that we could lose them, 370 00:21:34,033 --> 00:21:37,600 我及后代的食物将受影响。" "And my food, my children's food will be affected." 371 00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:40,566 这或许是认知转折点： And I think that was maybe a turning point 372 00:21:40,566 --> 00:21:42,600 昆虫是动物， to realize insects are animals, 373 00:21:42,600 --> 00:21:45,233 它们默默提供的服务 and maybe they do something behind the scenes 374 00:21:45,233 --> 00:21:46,900 我们曾视为理所当然。 that we've taken for granted. 375 00:21:49,900 --> 00:21:52,733 旁白：大规模培育新蜂群的能力 Narrator: The ability to mass produce new colonies 376 00:21:52,733 --> 00:21:57,200 意味着蜜蜂不会很快灭绝， means honey bees are unlikely to vanish anytime soon, 377 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:00,133 但养蜂人每年仍损失约30% but beekeepers still lose around 30% 378 00:22:00,133 --> 00:22:04,100 的蜂箱。 of their hives every year. 379 00:22:04,100 --> 00:22:06,666 蜂群崩溃失调症的威胁 The threat of Colony Collapse Disorder 380 00:22:06,666 --> 00:22:10,333 仍如更大危机的预警般笼罩， still looms as a warning of a larger crisis, 381 00:22:10,333 --> 00:22:13,000 且无简易解决方案。 one that has no easy solution. 382 00:22:14,133 --> 00:22:16,833 秋人：蜜蜂经历蜂群崩溃失调症 Akito: So honey bees went through this major scare 383 00:22:16,833 --> 00:22:18,800 的重大恐慌， of Colony Collapse Disorder, 384 00:22:18,800 --> 00:22:20,833 但蜜蜂消失只是 but the disappearance of bees was 385 00:22:20,833 --> 00:22:22,633 理解昆虫现状进程中的 just the first step in this process 386 00:22:22,633 --> 00:22:24,566 第一步。 of understanding what's happening to insects. 387 00:22:25,733 --> 00:22:27,966 我们也不能忽视本土蜂类。 We also can't forget about the native bees. 388 00:22:27,966 --> 00:22:29,600 它们至关重要， They are critically important 389 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:32,166 因其为本土植物授粉。 because they pollinate native plants. 390 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:35,300 而本土植物常无法 And oftentimes native plants 391 00:22:35,300 --> 00:22:37,566 通过蜜蜂完成授粉。 cannot be pollinated by honey bees. 392 00:22:38,633 --> 00:22:41,833 旁白：本土蜂是为全球80%开花植物 Narrator: Native bees are wild bees that pollinate 393 00:22:41,833 --> 00:22:45,266 授粉的野生蜂类， 80% of flowering plants around the world, 394 00:22:45,266 --> 00:22:47,600 当蜜蜂成为头条时， and while honey bees make headlines, 395 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:50,966 本土蜂也在悄然消失。 native bees have also been quietly disappearing. 396 00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:54,566 乌玛特：我们关注蜜蜂 Ummat: We really pay attention to honey bees 397 00:22:54,566 --> 00:22:56,633 因其对人类经济至关重要， because they're so economically important to humans, 398 00:22:56,633 --> 00:23:00,533 但还有超过2万种其他蜂类 but there are more than 20,000 other species of bees 399 00:23:00,533 --> 00:23:03,033 负责为全球 that are responsible for pollinating 400 00:23:03,033 --> 00:23:04,866 众多本土植物授粉。 many native plants around the world. 401 00:23:04,866 --> 00:23:08,700 它们对维持本土生态系统极为重要， And these are really important to maintain native ecosystems, 402 00:23:08,700 --> 00:23:11,033 而我们并未给予 and we're not really paying attention 403 00:23:11,033 --> 00:23:13,366 足够关注。 to those bees as much. 404 00:23:13,366 --> 00:23:15,033 旁白：与蜜蜂不同， Narrator: Unlike honey bees, 405 00:23:15,033 --> 00:23:17,866 多数本土蜂独居在 the majority of native bees nest alone 406 00:23:17,866 --> 00:23:21,866 空心树或地下。 in hollow trees or underground. 407 00:23:21,866 --> 00:23:24,333 西尔瓦娜：大多数蜂类其实是独居的， Sylvana: The majority of bees are actually solitary, 408 00:23:24,333 --> 00:23:26,733 由单只雌蜂为后代 and so it's just one female who provisions 409 00:23:26,733 --> 00:23:28,533 筑巢储备， a nest for her young, 410 00:23:28,533 --> 00:23:30,033 提供花粉花蜜， provides pollen and nectar for them, 411 00:23:30,033 --> 00:23:31,466 封巢后 closes off their nest, 412 00:23:31,466 --> 00:23:33,800 便不再相见。 and doesn't see them anymore. 413 00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:35,900 旁白：本土蜂的独居特性 Narrator: The solitary lifestyle of native bees 414 00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:38,166 意味着它们无法像 means they can't be mass produced 415 00:23:38,166 --> 00:23:41,200 酿蜜近亲那样群体繁殖。 in colonies like their honey-making cousins. 416 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:45,200 拯救本土蜂需要保护栖息地... Saving native bees will require saving habitat... 417 00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:48,866 甚至创造新栖息地。 or even creating new ones. 418 00:24:02,900 --> 00:24:04,966 在辛辛那提市中心， In the heart of Cincinnati, 419 00:24:04,966 --> 00:24:08,233 一条狭窄混凝土带最近被改造成 a narrow stretch of concrete was recently transformed 420 00:24:08,233 --> 00:24:10,966 绿色绿洲。 into a green oasis. 421 00:24:10,966 --> 00:24:13,100 西尔瓦娜：嘿，乔治！ Sylvana: Hey, Georgie! 422 00:24:13,100 --> 00:24:14,600 天啊，最近怎么样？ Oh, my God. Hey, what's up, man? 423 00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:16,133 旁白：两年后， Narrator: Two years later, 424 00:24:16,133 --> 00:24:19,233 西尔瓦娜·罗斯与当地组织 Sylvana Ross is working with a local organization, 425 00:24:19,233 --> 00:24:21,766 "女王城传粉者计划"合作， the Queen City Pollinator Project, 426 00:24:21,766 --> 00:24:23,933 考察这片新野化城区 to see if the newly wild strip of city 427 00:24:23,933 --> 00:24:27,100 是否成功吸引了昆虫。 is successfully drawing in insects. 428 00:24:27,100 --> 00:24:30,133 该项目招募公民科学家 The project recruits citizen scientists 429 00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:32,200 协助寻找本土传粉者。 to help search for native pollinators. 430 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:35,800 西尔瓦娜：女王城传粉者计划是非营利组织。 Sylvana: Queen City Pollinator Project is a nonprofit. 431 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:38,800 我们的目标是帮助本土传粉者， Our goal was to help out our native pollinators 432 00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:41,933 并提高公众意识—— and also make people more aware that everyone 433 00:24:41,933 --> 00:24:43,433 人人都能参与拯救 can contribute to helping save 434 00:24:43,433 --> 00:24:45,400 日益减少的传粉者。 our pollinators that are declining. 435 00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:48,100 我们意识到不需要成为 We realize you don't have to be a fancy scientist 436 00:24:48,100 --> 00:24:51,533 有研究经验的专家也能收集传粉者数据， with research experience to collect data on pollinators 437 00:24:51,533 --> 00:24:53,766 为保护传粉者 and contribute to the science that's helping preserve 438 00:24:53,766 --> 00:24:55,933 和生物多样性做贡献。 pollinators and biodiversity. 439 00:24:55,933 --> 00:24:58,133 西尔瓦娜：大家好！ Sylvana: Hello, everybody. 440 00:24:58,133 --> 00:24:59,766 太激动了！ Oh, my God. I'm so excited. 441 00:24:59,766 --> 00:25:01,300 感谢各位今天到来。 Thank you so much for coming out today. 442 00:25:01,300 --> 00:25:03,833 你们将领取记录板 So you're gonna get a clipboard 443 00:25:03,833 --> 00:25:05,666 和数据表格。 with a couple data sheets. 444 00:25:05,666 --> 00:25:07,333 到达指定区域后， And then once you get to your square, 445 00:25:07,333 --> 00:25:09,466 寻找开花植物。 we're looking for flowers that are blooming. 446 00:25:09,466 --> 00:25:10,933 我的标准是： And so I like to say, 447 00:25:10,933 --> 00:25:12,766 若传粉者能采食该花朵， if a pollinator can eat off of that flower, 448 00:25:12,766 --> 00:25:15,166 就计入开花植物。 then we're going to count that as a blooming flower. 449 00:25:15,166 --> 00:25:16,533 可以捕捉 And then you can catch, like, 450 00:25:16,533 --> 00:25:18,700 花朵上的昆虫。 a lot of insects that are on flowers. 451 00:25:18,700 --> 00:25:21,000 它们进食时最容易捕捉。 It's really easy to catch them when they're eating. 452 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:24,366 我喜欢说用捕虫杯给它们"拥抱"—— I like to say you give them a little hug with the catch cup. 453 00:25:24,366 --> 00:25:27,000 一边放杯子一边盖盖子， So you put one on one side, the lid on the other 454 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:28,333 来个大大的拥抱。 and give them a nice big hug. 455 00:25:28,333 --> 00:25:29,933 大家都准备好了吗？ OK, everybody feeling good? 456 00:25:29,933 --> 00:25:30,933 太好了！ All right! 457 00:25:30,933 --> 00:25:33,666 开始行动！ Cool. Let's do this. 458 00:25:36,033 --> 00:25:37,833 西尔瓦娜：参与昆虫统计的 Sylvana: We get all different types of people 459 00:25:37,833 --> 00:25:39,666 人群多种多样。 to come and count bugs. 460 00:25:39,666 --> 00:25:40,833 那是木蜂吗？ Is that a carpenter bee? 461 00:25:40,833 --> 00:25:41,866 可能是。 It might be. 462 00:25:41,866 --> 00:25:42,933 我觉得是木蜂。 I think it's a carpenter bee. 463 00:25:42,933 --> 00:25:44,533 对，是木蜂。 Yeah, it's a carpenter bee. 464 00:25:44,533 --> 00:25:46,000 西尔瓦娜（画外音）：有终生热爱昆虫、 Sylvana, voice-over: We got people who love insects, 465 00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:47,366 与自然紧密相连的参与者， and have been entwined with nature 466 00:25:47,366 --> 00:25:48,833 throughout their whole lives, 467 00:25:48,833 --> 00:25:50,100 maybe have loved bugs their whole entire life 468 00:25:50,100 --> 00:25:51,500 and want to help contribute... 469 00:25:51,500 --> 00:25:53,000 西尔瓦娜：这朵上有只小虫。 Sylvana: A little, tiny bug on this one. 470 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:54,300 ...也有附近居民 ...and then we also get community members 471 00:25:54,300 --> 00:25:55,933 看见拿虫网 that live in that area 472 00:25:55,933 --> 00:25:58,433 拍照的人群询问： that see a bunch of people with insect nets 473 00:25:58,433 --> 00:26:01,233 "你们在做什么？" and their phones out and say, "Hey, what's going on?" 474 00:26:01,233 --> 00:26:03,933 递给他们虫网和小捕杯后， And you hand them an insect net and a little catch cup, 475 00:26:03,933 --> 00:26:06,900 他们就变成了社区科学家。 and then now they've become a community scientist as well. 476 00:26:06,900 --> 00:26:08,600 是只小蛾子吗？ Is that a little moth? 477 00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:10,700 我们有三只蜂和一只蝴蝶。 We got three bees and a butterfly. 478 00:26:10,700 --> 00:26:11,833 三蜂一蝶—— Three bees and a butter-- 479 00:26:11,833 --> 00:26:13,900 看我们的传粉者！ Look at our pollinators! 480 00:26:24,066 --> 00:26:26,266 旁白：结果发现新公园吸引的 Narrator: It turns out many of the insects 481 00:26:26,266 --> 00:26:28,866 许多昆虫是本土蜂类， attracted to the new park are native bees 482 00:26:28,866 --> 00:26:32,866 其中最易辨认的是 and the most recognizable for its plump body, 483 00:26:32,866 --> 00:26:35,666 圆胖的熊蜂。 the bumble bee. 484 00:26:35,666 --> 00:26:39,566 西尔瓦娜：熊蜂是另一种社会性蜂类。 Sylvana: Bumble bees are another type of social bee. 485 00:26:39,566 --> 00:26:41,733 它们对生态系统极为重要， They're also really important to our ecosystems 486 00:26:41,733 --> 00:26:43,200 因属于本土物种， because they're native 487 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:44,733 与特定花卉 and have particular relationships 488 00:26:44,733 --> 00:26:46,233 建立特殊关系， with certain flowers 489 00:26:46,233 --> 00:26:48,033 能大规模为 and certain plants that they're able to pollinate 490 00:26:48,033 --> 00:26:50,933 特定植物授粉。 on a great scale. 491 00:26:50,933 --> 00:26:55,233 熊蜂群始于蜂后 A bumble bee colony starts off with a queen bumble bee 492 00:26:55,233 --> 00:26:59,900 寻找筑巢地点。 finding a location to start her colony. 493 00:27:06,766 --> 00:27:12,066 蜂后产卵时会筑圆形巢室， When the queen lays her egg, she makes a little round comb, 494 00:27:12,066 --> 00:27:14,800 将卵置于其中 and will put her eggs in those combs 495 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:16,666 并封闭。 and close them off. 496 00:27:22,733 --> 00:27:24,666 幼虫约需数周 The larvae take about a few weeks 497 00:27:24,666 --> 00:27:28,633 从卵到幼虫到蛹再到成虫。 to go from egg to larva to pupa to adult. 498 00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:44,466 它们会用上颚 And then they'll use their mandibles 499 00:27:44,466 --> 00:27:47,100 破室而出。 to cut their way out of their little cell. 500 00:28:10,300 --> 00:28:13,966 破蛹后先清洁自身， Once they emerge, they're down to cleaning, 501 00:28:13,966 --> 00:28:16,366 随后成为采集蜂， and then they'll move on to becoming a forager 502 00:28:16,366 --> 00:28:19,000 为蜂群采集花粉花蜜。 and collecting pollen and nectar for their bumble bee hive. 503 00:28:26,566 --> 00:28:29,200 旁白：熊蜂在春季破土 Narrator: The spring emergence of bumble bees 504 00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:32,466 恰逢其蜜源植物开花。 coincides with the blooming of the flowers that feed them. 505 00:28:36,966 --> 00:28:38,866 但随着全球变暖， But with the warming planet, 506 00:28:38,866 --> 00:28:41,966 这个使它们繁荣的古老共生关系 the ancient partnership that has allowed them to thrive 507 00:28:41,966 --> 00:28:45,200 正使它们陷入危机。 has now put them in peril. 508 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,066 西尔瓦娜：因熊蜂与花卉 Sylvana: Because bumble bees have 509 00:28:47,066 --> 00:28:49,366 存在共生关系， a mutualistic relationship with flowers, 510 00:28:49,366 --> 00:28:51,733 通常它们的时间会与 usually their timing is synced 511 00:28:51,733 --> 00:28:53,533 花期同步。 with when flowers are blooming. 512 00:28:53,533 --> 00:28:55,200 但气候变化导致 But because of climate change, 513 00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:57,533 花卉提前开放， flowers are blooming a lot earlier in the year, 514 00:28:57,533 --> 00:28:59,366 当熊蜂出现时， and so when the bumble bees emerge, 515 00:28:59,366 --> 00:29:01,700 它们惯常采蜜的花卉 the flowers that they typically might visit 516 00:29:01,700 --> 00:29:04,100 可能已结束花期。 might already be done blooming. 517 00:29:04,100 --> 00:29:06,433 这不仅使熊蜂 And so not only are the bumble bees 518 00:29:06,433 --> 00:29:08,100 失去食物来源， losing out on a food resource, 519 00:29:08,100 --> 00:29:10,100 也使那些花卉 but now those flowers are losing out 520 00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:12,866 无法完成繁殖周期。 on finishing their reproductive cycle. 521 00:29:12,866 --> 00:29:17,600 这对共生伙伴的错配关系 And so this mismatch of these two mutualistic partners 522 00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:21,533 正因气候变化而瓦解。 is now falling apart because of climate change. 523 00:29:21,533 --> 00:29:23,266 旁白：气候变化不仅威胁 Narrator: Climate change isn't only threatening 524 00:29:23,266 --> 00:29:24,933 它们的食物来源。 their food sources. 525 00:29:24,933 --> 00:29:27,433 随着气温上升， As temperatures rise, 526 00:29:27,433 --> 00:29:30,300 山区蜂类向高海拔迁徙 bees in mountainous areas move to higher altitudes 527 00:29:30,300 --> 00:29:32,633 寻找凉爽气候。 to find cooler climates. 528 00:29:32,633 --> 00:29:37,433 但蜂类迁徙存在海拔极限。 But there's a limit to how high the bees can go. 529 00:29:37,433 --> 00:29:39,533 过去几年间， In the last few years, 530 00:29:39,533 --> 00:29:41,600 美洲熊蜂种群数量 the American bumble bee population 531 00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:44,933 暴跌了惊人的90%。 has plummeted by a staggering 90%. 532 00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:50,566 新建绿地与繁花园艺 The creation of new green spaces and planting flower-rich gardens 533 00:29:50,566 --> 00:29:53,566 为熊蜂及其他本土传粉者 provides habitat that can help give bumble bees 534 00:29:53,566 --> 00:29:57,866 提供生存希望的栖息地。 and other native pollinators a fighting chance. 535 00:29:57,866 --> 00:30:00,133 西尔瓦娜：我们希望将收集的数据 Sylvana: We really hope that the data we collect 536 00:30:00,133 --> 00:30:01,600 与市政府共享， we can share with the city 537 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:03,433 证明这类配有本土植物的 to show that green spaces like this 538 00:30:03,433 --> 00:30:06,533 绿色空间支持本土传粉者， that support native pollinators, with native plants, 539 00:30:06,533 --> 00:30:08,300 维系着整个生态系统。 are supporting a whole ecosystem. 540 00:30:10,766 --> 00:30:12,600 本土蜂的多样性 Having a diversity of native bees 541 00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:15,400 能使花卉多样性 helps flowers become more diverse 542 00:30:15,400 --> 00:30:19,400 和产量远超仅依赖蜜蜂的成果。 and have larger yields than just using honey bees. 543 00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:22,933 旁白：全球传粉者创造的价值 Narrator: Around the world, the services pollinators provide 544 00:30:22,933 --> 00:30:27,100 超过三万亿美元。 are worth more than three trillion dollars. 545 00:30:28,733 --> 00:30:30,600 虽然蜜蜂备受关注， But while bees get all the buzz, 546 00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,433 蝴蝶等其他昆虫 other insects, like butterflies, 547 00:30:33,433 --> 00:30:36,766 对授粉同样关键。 are also critical for pollination. 548 00:30:36,766 --> 00:30:38,900 作为食物网的重要环节， As essential links in the food web, 549 00:30:38,900 --> 00:30:41,200 它们维持着生态系统 they maintain the plant diversity 550 00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:43,600 所需的植物多样性。 the ecosystem needs to thrive. 551 00:30:43,600 --> 00:30:47,533 在肯尼亚的阿拉布科索科克森林， And in Kenya's Arabuko Sokoke forest, 552 00:30:47,533 --> 00:30:51,100 蝴蝶与人类密切关联， butterflies and humans are so closely intertwined, 553 00:30:51,100 --> 00:30:54,600 这种关系维系着整个社区 their relationship sustains whole communities 554 00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:57,766 与森林的存续。 and the forest itself. 555 00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:14,133 迪诺：阿拉布科索科克是肯尼亚 Dino: Arabuko Sokoke is one of Kenya's 556 00:31:14,133 --> 00:31:17,833 420平方公里的海岸原生林区， most magnificent 420 square kilometers 557 00:31:17,833 --> 00:31:20,300 最为壮观的森林之一。 of coastal indigenous forest. 558 00:31:20,300 --> 00:31:22,833 肯尼亚超三分之一的蝴蝶 Over a third of Kenya's butterflies are found 559 00:31:22,833 --> 00:31:25,166 栖息于此。 in this forest. 560 00:31:25,166 --> 00:31:27,200 蝴蝶已成为 And butterflies have become 561 00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:29,333 森林保护的工具。 a tool for the forest's conservation. 562 00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:35,333 三十多年来，森林周边 All around the forest for over 30 years, 563 00:31:35,333 --> 00:31:37,700 农民与传统社区通过 farmers and traditional communities 564 00:31:37,700 --> 00:31:42,200 "基佩佩奥计划"养殖蝴蝶。 have reared butterflies through the Kipepeo Project. 565 00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:45,333 "基佩佩奥"在斯瓦希里语中意为蝴蝶。 Kipepeo means butterfly in Kiswahili. 566 00:31:46,666 --> 00:31:51,133 人们收集蝴蝶、饲养幼虫， Butterflies are collected, the caterpillars are reared, 567 00:31:51,133 --> 00:31:54,166 将蛹出售给全球 and the pupae are sold to butterfly houses 568 00:31:54,166 --> 00:31:57,466 蝴蝶馆、博物馆和植物园。 and museums and gardens around the world. 569 00:32:49,833 --> 00:32:51,866 旁白：捕获蝴蝶后， Narrator: Once the butterflies are caught, 570 00:32:51,866 --> 00:32:55,666 它们被放入围场产卵， they're released in an enclosure where they lay their eggs, 571 00:32:55,666 --> 00:32:59,366 开启自然界最神奇的 setting off one of the most incredible life cycles 572 00:32:59,366 --> 00:33:01,600 生命周期之一。 in the natural world. 573 00:33:07,633 --> 00:33:09,633 迪诺：蝴蝶的生命周期 Dino: The life cycle of a butterfly 574 00:33:09,633 --> 00:33:12,100 包含多个鲜明阶段。 involves very distinct stages. 575 00:33:12,100 --> 00:33:14,466 雌蝶在特定植物叶片上 Female butterfly lays an egg, 576 00:33:14,466 --> 00:33:17,766 产下单个卵， a single egg often, on a leaf of a plant 577 00:33:17,766 --> 00:33:21,600 寄托全部希望。 that's very specific to that species. 578 00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:24,600 All her hopes are going into that egg. 579 00:34:02,900 --> 00:34:04,866 乌玛特：毛虫破卵而出， Ummat: The caterpillar hatches from an egg, 580 00:34:04,866 --> 00:34:06,700 变成管状幼虫。 and it turns into a little tube. 581 00:34:07,966 --> 00:34:09,733 其身体大部分 And most of its body is dedicated 582 00:34:09,733 --> 00:34:13,066 专用于消化食物的肠道。 to its gut for digesting food. 583 00:34:15,233 --> 00:34:18,700 这是进化奇迹——幼虫特化为 And it's such an innovation because the larva is specialized 584 00:34:18,700 --> 00:34:22,700 专司进食与生长。 for the thing it needs to do. It needs to feed and grow. 585 00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,233 秋人：幼虫必须尽快 Akito: The organism needs to consume as much as it can 586 00:34:27,233 --> 00:34:28,866 大量进食， as fast as it can, 587 00:34:28,866 --> 00:34:31,066 因为众多捕食者 because there's lots of predators out there 588 00:34:31,066 --> 00:34:34,166 也以毛虫为食。 that are also looking to eat caterpillars. 589 00:34:34,166 --> 00:34:37,333 迪诺：这是毛虫的蜕皮成长阶段， Dino: These are stages of growth within the caterpillar, 590 00:34:37,333 --> 00:34:39,700 蜕去旧皮逐渐长大。 shedding the skin and growing bigger. 591 00:34:53,066 --> 00:34:57,466 最终蜕皮化蛹。 Eventually, it molts and forms a pupa. 592 00:35:11,733 --> 00:35:15,966 接着发生惊人蜕变—— And now something truly remarkable happens... 593 00:35:19,266 --> 00:35:23,466 这个具备完整系统（消化系统、 this entire insect that has all these systems-- 594 00:35:23,466 --> 00:35:27,700 进食系统、足肢）的昆虫 a digestive system, an eating system, legs-- 595 00:35:27,700 --> 00:35:32,233 溶解自身结构， changes, and dissolves itself 596 00:35:32,233 --> 00:35:36,433 通过变态重生， and reforms through metamorphosis, 597 00:35:36,433 --> 00:35:39,800 新生消化系统、生殖系统、 growing a digestive system, a reproductive system, 598 00:35:39,800 --> 00:35:43,633 足肢、翅膀与双眼， growing legs and wings and eyes, 599 00:35:43,633 --> 00:35:47,433 及所有复杂构造与绚丽色彩。 and all this complexity, all this color. 600 00:35:47,433 --> 00:35:52,100 最终蛹壳奇迹般裂开， And then, completely miraculously, 601 00:35:52,100 --> 00:35:55,200 成虫蝴蝶 the pupa splits open 602 00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:58,933 破茧而出。 and out pops this adult butterfly. 603 00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:20,666 初现时形貌狰狞 First looking completely monstrous 604 00:36:20,666 --> 00:36:24,333 皱缩狼狈， and bedraggled, all crumpled up 605 00:36:24,333 --> 00:36:26,166 但数分钟内， and yet, within a couple of minutes, 606 00:36:26,166 --> 00:36:29,500 体液自腹部泵入翅脉， from the abdomen, liquid is pumped into the wings. 607 00:36:29,500 --> 00:36:32,100 双翼逐渐舒展。 These wings fold out. 608 00:36:36,533 --> 00:36:37,966 片刻之后， And a few minutes later, 609 00:36:37,966 --> 00:36:40,466 阳光下振翅高飞。 in the sunshine, the butterfly takes flight. 610 00:36:54,700 --> 00:36:56,500 旁白：全球蝴蝶馆展示 Narrator: Butterfly houses around the world 611 00:36:56,500 --> 00:36:59,933 这些物种的美丽， showcase the beauty of these species, 612 00:36:59,933 --> 00:37:04,066 培育全球对蝴蝶的欣赏与保护意识。 fostering a global appreciation and respect for butterflies. 613 00:37:05,400 --> 00:37:08,400 这些以蜕变闻名的生物， And these creatures, beloved for their metamorphosis, 614 00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:12,766 也改变着养殖它们的女性生活。 have a transformative effect on the women who rear them. 615 00:37:40,566 --> 00:37:41,900 五号标本。 Number five. 616 00:37:41,900 --> 00:37:43,233 是五号吗？ Number five, huh? 617 00:37:54,100 --> 00:37:57,733 旁白：该项目现已惠及800多户家庭， Narrator: The project now employs over 800 families, 618 00:37:57,733 --> 00:38:00,266 蝴蝶赋予社区 and the butterflies give the community a reason 619 00:38:00,266 --> 00:38:04,000 保护森林栖息地的动力。 to make sure their forest habitat stays intact. 620 00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:08,433 他们不再砍伐树木，转而守护林木。 Instead of cutting trees, they now conserve them. 621 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:28,900 迪诺：每个蝶蛹直接改善 Dino: Each of those pupae contributes directly back 622 00:38:28,900 --> 00:38:31,466 肯尼亚森林周边 to the livelihood of a rural family 623 00:38:31,466 --> 00:38:33,800 农村家庭生计， here in Kenya around the forest, 624 00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:37,400 为森林保护提供经济激励。 and provides an incentive to conserve this forest. 625 00:38:39,666 --> 00:38:42,400 旁白：这些出口的蝴蝶 Narrator: The exported butterflies bring 626 00:38:42,400 --> 00:38:45,933 为处境艰难的传粉者 much-needed awareness to these embattled pollinators 627 00:38:45,933 --> 00:38:48,233 带来亟需的关注—— at a time when, in some parts of the world, 628 00:38:48,233 --> 00:38:53,666 全球部分地区90%的蝴蝶已消失。 up to 90% of butterflies have simply disappeared. 629 00:38:55,766 --> 00:38:59,000 这场危机的严重性 The scale of the crisis has recently become clear 630 00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:01,333 通过地球上最非凡 with one of the most extraordinary 631 00:39:01,333 --> 00:39:04,533 且备受瞩目的昆虫—— and closely watched insects on the planet, 632 00:39:04,533 --> 00:39:07,366 帝王蝶显现。 monarch butterflies. 633 00:39:22,500 --> 00:39:25,833 在米却肯州的高海拔森林， In the high-altitude forests of Michoacán, 634 00:39:25,833 --> 00:39:29,466 帝王蝶群在罕见的 clouds of monarch butterflies find a winter retreat 635 00:39:29,466 --> 00:39:33,033 冷杉林中越冬。 in the region's rare fir trees called oyamel. 636 00:39:34,533 --> 00:39:38,866 多数帝王蝶仅存活六周左右。 Most individual monarchs only live for about six weeks. 637 00:39:38,866 --> 00:39:40,700 但当春季来临， But when spring arrives, 638 00:39:40,700 --> 00:39:46,033 它们开启跨越四代生命的迁徙。 they set off on a journey that takes four lifetimes. 639 00:39:46,033 --> 00:39:49,033 乌玛特：我钟爱"世代飞船"概念。 Ummat: I really like the idea of the generation starship. 640 00:39:49,033 --> 00:39:52,733 这个科幻设想中，飞船载人 This is a science-fiction idea, where a ship 641 00:39:52,733 --> 00:39:55,300 前往遥远星球， takes people on a journey to a distant planet, 642 00:39:55,300 --> 00:39:57,033 旅程耗时漫长， but the journey takes so long, 643 00:39:57,033 --> 00:39:59,400 需多代人接力完成。 it takes multiple generations to get there. 644 00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:03,300 昆虫世界真实存在这种现象。 And this really exists in the world of insects. 645 00:40:07,533 --> 00:40:10,633 帝王蝶进行史诗级迁徙， Monarch butterflies do this massive migration, 646 00:40:10,633 --> 00:40:13,800 三代接力从墨西哥 and take three generations to get from Mexico 647 00:40:13,800 --> 00:40:16,033 飞抵加拿大东部。 to Eastern Canada. 648 00:40:16,033 --> 00:40:18,233 最后一代 And then on the final generation, 649 00:40:18,233 --> 00:40:21,866 重返墨西哥越冬地。 they fly all the way back down to Mexico. 650 00:40:22,900 --> 00:40:24,866 旁白：帝王蝶利用气流 Narrator: Monarchs use air currents 651 00:40:24,866 --> 00:40:29,066 每日飞行可达240公里。 to fly up to 150 miles a day. 652 00:40:29,066 --> 00:40:31,366 它们会在马利筋上产卵停歇， They'll stop to lay their eggs on milkweed, 653 00:40:31,366 --> 00:40:34,500 这是幼虫唯一能食用的寄主植物。 the only host plant their caterpillars can eat. 654 00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:38,033 新一代羽化后， Once the next generation emerges, 655 00:40:38,033 --> 00:40:41,566 年轻帝王蝶继续北上之旅。 the young monarchs continue the journey north. 656 00:40:45,700 --> 00:40:48,200 在加拿大度过夏季后， After spending the summer in Canada, 657 00:40:48,200 --> 00:40:50,200 末代蝴蝶的寿命 the last generation lives 658 00:40:50,200 --> 00:40:54,033 比祖先延长整整八个月， a full eight months longer than its ancestors, 659 00:40:54,033 --> 00:40:58,166 完成返回墨西哥的全程迁徙。 and makes the return flight all the way to Mexico. 660 00:41:00,300 --> 00:41:03,200 西尔瓦娜：不到一克重、 Sylvana: How does an organism that's less than a gram 661 00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:05,533 不足十厘米的生物 and less than four inches 662 00:41:05,533 --> 00:41:08,400 如何在数月间跨越3200公里 make it 2,000 miles in a couple of months 663 00:41:08,400 --> 00:41:10,766 抵达从未涉足的圣地？ to then arrive in a place that they've never been before? 664 00:41:10,766 --> 00:41:13,100 甚至其父母、曾祖辈 In fact, that their parents have never been before, 665 00:41:13,100 --> 00:41:16,800 都未曾到访过的地方？ their great-grandparents have never been before. 666 00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:19,266 加文：它们世代延续的年度迁徙 Gavin: The fact that it makes this journey across generations 667 00:41:19,266 --> 00:41:20,800 堪称地球上 every single year is 668 00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:24,700 最震撼的动物传奇之一。 one of the coolest animal stories on the planet. 669 00:41:24,700 --> 00:41:28,066 秋人：作为昆虫学家，我们试图破解 Akito: We're trying to figure out, as entomologists, 670 00:41:28,066 --> 00:41:30,733 它们迁徙的动机与机制。 why and how they actually do that. 671 00:41:30,733 --> 00:41:33,700 这个过程仍充满未解之谜。 And there's still a lot of mysteries in this process. 672 00:41:34,766 --> 00:41:37,433 旁白：科学家推测生物钟、 Narrator: Scientists speculate that an internal clock, 673 00:41:37,433 --> 00:41:38,933 太阳方位、 the position of the sun, 674 00:41:38,933 --> 00:41:43,033 与基因编码共同辅助导航， and genetic hard wiring all help with navigation, 675 00:41:43,033 --> 00:41:45,400 但无人确知帝王蝶如何 but no one knows exactly how the monarchs 676 00:41:45,400 --> 00:41:47,100 精准定位墨西哥境内 find their way back to the site 677 00:41:47,100 --> 00:41:50,400 唯一的越冬树林。 of their only overwintering trees in Mexico. 678 00:41:52,266 --> 00:41:56,600 霍梅罗：传统文化认为帝王蝶是 Homero: Esa cultura es la que decía que La Mariposa Monarca es 679 00:41:56,600 --> 00:41:59,400 逝者探望生者的灵魂， el alma de los muertos que venian a visitar los vivos, 680 00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:03,766 这个传说代代相传。 entonces eso se fue pasando de generación a generación. 681 00:42:03,766 --> 00:42:05,266 巧合的是， Y afortunadamente, esto coincide, 682 00:42:05,266 --> 00:42:07,000 帝王蝶抵达之日 porque La Mariposa Monarca empieza a llegar 683 00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:08,666 正值11月1日至2日， el primero, el 2 de Noviembre, 684 00:42:08,666 --> 00:42:10,833 恰逢我们庆祝 que es en las fechas que nosotros estamos celebrando 685 00:42:10,833 --> 00:42:12,500 亡灵节之时。 a nuestros difuntos. 686 00:42:19,966 --> 00:42:23,533 霍梅罗：于我而言，亡灵节 Homero: Yo, en mi caso particular, El Dia de Muertos, 687 00:42:23,533 --> 00:42:26,333 是纪念父亲的时刻。 pues yo honro la memoria de mi padre. 688 00:42:31,766 --> 00:42:34,333 霍梅罗：自他上大学起， Homero: Desde que el se fue a la Universidad, 689 00:42:34,333 --> 00:42:36,200 就致力于保护森林 el se enfocó en proteger los bosques 690 00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:38,333 尤其是帝王蝶， y en La Mariposa Monarca mas que nada, 691 00:42:38,333 --> 00:42:40,133 因为他常说： porque, pues, el siempre decia, 692 00:42:40,133 --> 00:42:43,533 "有帝王蝶就有旅游业"。 si temenos mariposas monarcas, pues viene el turismo. 693 00:42:43,533 --> 00:42:46,966 某种程度上， De alguna manera, la gente de la comunidad 694 00:42:46,966 --> 00:42:49,300 这为社区居民 tiene una fuente mas de ingresos. 695 00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:55,100 提供了额外收入来源。 Los bosques que hoy en dia aqui nos rodean son importantes, 696 00:42:55,100 --> 00:42:56,500 如今环绕我们的森林至关重要， porque gracias a ellos, 697 00:42:56,500 --> 00:42:58,633 帝王蝶才年复一年到访。 La Mariposa Monarca visita año con año. 698 00:43:01,033 --> 00:43:02,766 旁白：帝王蝶的壮丽迁徙 Narrator: Monarchs have been making 699 00:43:02,766 --> 00:43:04,700 已持续近万年， this spectacular migration 700 00:43:04,700 --> 00:43:06,900 但这一古老循环 for as many as 10,000 years, 701 00:43:06,900 --> 00:43:10,900 正濒临断裂—— but this ancient cycle appears on the verge of being broken, 702 00:43:10,900 --> 00:43:14,700 归乡者逐年锐减。 as fewer and fewer return home each year. 703 00:43:14,700 --> 00:43:18,733 乌玛特：最触目惊心的 Ummat: One of the things that's been especially conspicuous is 704 00:43:18,733 --> 00:43:21,366 是迁徙帝王蝶数量骤减。 the decrease in the numbers of migrating monarchs. 705 00:43:21,366 --> 00:43:23,066 杰西卡：近年来数据 Jessica: In the last several years, 706 00:43:23,066 --> 00:43:25,233 低得骇人—— the numbers have been terrifying low. 707 00:43:25,233 --> 00:43:27,366 某些统计点仅剩 You know, down to a few thousand individuals 708 00:43:27,366 --> 00:43:29,766 数千只个体。 in some of the counts. 709 00:43:29,766 --> 00:43:33,333 旁白：森林砍伐、气候变化、 Narrator: Deforestation, climate change, 710 00:43:33,333 --> 00:43:35,033 马利筋减少 and loss of milkweed 711 00:43:35,033 --> 00:43:39,500 给这场自然奇观带来毁灭性打击。 have had catastrophic effects on this natural spectacle. 712 00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:41,000 近年来， In recent years, 713 00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:43,733 回归的帝王蝶数量暴跌 the number of returning monarchs has plummeted 714 00:43:43,733 --> 00:43:46,200 近60%。 by up to 60%. 715 00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:49,366 这些高度适应的生物 It may be that these highly adaptable creatures 716 00:43:49,366 --> 00:43:52,266 可能时日无多。 are running out of time. 717 00:43:52,266 --> 00:43:56,166 历史上每当新威胁出现， Throughout history, when new threats arose, 718 00:43:56,166 --> 00:43:59,066 昆虫都会进化新行为求生， insects evolved new behaviors to survive, 719 00:43:59,066 --> 00:44:03,500 并优化百万年锤炼的躯体。 and bodies honed over millions of years. 720 00:44:04,666 --> 00:44:07,000 若要展现这些顽强幸存者 If there's one insect that shows 721 00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:09,433 的非凡智慧， how clever these hardy survivors can be, 722 00:44:09,433 --> 00:44:15,266 当属蝴蝶的近亲——夜行性蛾类。 it's the butterfly's nocturnal cousin, moths. 723 00:44:15,266 --> 00:44:17,400 秋人：年少时觉得蝴蝶 Akito: When I was younger, I thought butterflies 724 00:44:17,400 --> 00:44:18,833 非常酷， were really cool. Like, I thought, 725 00:44:18,833 --> 00:44:20,433 "燕尾蝶体型硕大、 "Wow, I like these swallowtail butterflies. 726 00:44:20,433 --> 00:44:23,133 色彩绚丽，太惊艳了"。 They're big, and they're gorgeous, flashy." 727 00:44:23,133 --> 00:44:25,633 如今我更专注蛾类研究， So now I study moths more, 728 00:44:25,633 --> 00:44:30,466 发现它们其实很可爱。 and I've actually come to find moths quite cute. 729 00:44:34,600 --> 00:44:36,133 我越来越喜欢它们， I've come to really like them a lot, 730 00:44:36,133 --> 00:44:38,066 或许用"呆萌"形容 just because they're kind of-- 731 00:44:38,066 --> 00:44:39,633 不够准确—— I don't know if adorable is the right word-- 732 00:44:39,633 --> 00:44:43,466 但它们确实妙不可言。 but they're really-- they're really wonderful. 733 00:44:45,800 --> 00:44:47,833 多数人不知道的是， Something that a lot of people don't know about moths 734 00:44:47,833 --> 00:44:50,633 蛾类是重要传粉者。 is that they're important pollinators. 735 00:44:50,633 --> 00:44:53,633 许多植物只在夜间 We know that there's lots of plants with flowers 736 00:44:53,633 --> 00:44:55,666 开花， that bloom only during the nighttime. 737 00:44:55,666 --> 00:44:57,466 而这些花卉的主要传粉者 And the major pollinator 738 00:44:57,466 --> 00:45:00,566 正是蛾类。 for most of those flowers is moths. 739 00:45:01,700 --> 00:45:04,500 旁白：虽是被遗忘的传粉者， Narrator: They may be the forgotten pollinators, 740 00:45:04,500 --> 00:45:06,666 但论适应能力， but when it comes to adaptation, 741 00:45:06,666 --> 00:45:10,633 蛾类是生存大师。 moths are masters of survival. 742 00:45:10,633 --> 00:45:15,033 它们统治夜空长达2.4亿年， For 240 million years, they ruled the night skies. 743 00:45:15,033 --> 00:45:19,566 直到新捕食者振翅出现—— Then a new predator took to the wing-- 744 00:45:19,566 --> 00:45:21,133 蝙蝠。 bats. 745 00:45:22,666 --> 00:45:25,566 这场致命威胁引发 This deadly aerial threat triggered 746 00:45:25,566 --> 00:45:27,866 进化军备竞赛， an evolutionary arms race 747 00:45:27,866 --> 00:45:31,033 促使蛾类防御机制爆发式发展。 and an explosion in moth defenses. 748 00:45:31,033 --> 00:45:32,666 杰西：蝙蝠使用回声定位。 Jesse: Bats use echolocation. 749 00:45:32,666 --> 00:45:34,633 它们向夜空发射声波， They scream out into the night 750 00:45:34,633 --> 00:45:36,633 通过回声判断 and listen for the returning echoes, 751 00:45:36,633 --> 00:45:38,866 树木、悬崖等大型物体， which shows them where big things are, 752 00:45:38,866 --> 00:45:41,233 以及狩猎目标 like trees and cliffs, 753 00:45:41,233 --> 00:45:45,200 微小昆虫的位置。 but also tiny insects that they hunt. 754 00:45:45,200 --> 00:45:48,666 秋人：蝙蝠的出现迫使蛾类 Akito: So we think that when bats came on the planet, 755 00:45:48,666 --> 00:45:50,200 经历多重进化变革 moths have had to undergo 756 00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:52,133 以抵御天敌。 so many different kinds of evolutionary changes 757 00:45:52,133 --> 00:45:54,700 to be able to survive against their predators. 758 00:45:54,700 --> 00:45:56,700 旁白：蝙蝠的降临推动蛾类 Narrator: The appearance of bats 759 00:45:56,700 --> 00:46:01,433 进化出全套防御策略—— pushed moths to evolve a whole arsenal of defense tactics-- 760 00:46:01,433 --> 00:46:06,600 吸音绒毛、迷惑天敌的长尾、 hairy bodies to absorb sound, long tails to distract them, 761 00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:10,766 以及超声感知与发射能力。 and the ability to hear and produce ultrasound. 762 00:46:10,766 --> 00:46:13,866 秋人：这种能力让它们能以 Akito: This ability allows them to defend themselves 763 00:46:13,866 --> 00:46:15,766 多种方式自卫。 in different kinds of ways. 764 00:46:15,766 --> 00:46:17,766 杰西：当蛾类侦测蝙蝠逼近， Jesse: When moths hear bats coming, 765 00:46:17,766 --> 00:46:21,533 会螺旋下坠、急转闪避。 they can spiral, loop, and dive to get away. 766 00:46:23,300 --> 00:46:26,100 但许多蛾类不仅依赖 But many do more than just use their motor behaviors 767 00:46:26,100 --> 00:46:27,566 动作脱险。 to get away. 768 00:46:27,566 --> 00:46:30,766 它们会发出超声回应。 They answer with their own ultrasonic reply. 769 00:46:33,533 --> 00:46:34,933 通过声波传递 They can communicate 770 00:46:34,933 --> 00:46:37,033 自身带毒、 and tell the bats that they're toxic, 771 00:46:37,033 --> 00:46:38,600 具有化学防御的信息。 chemically defended. 772 00:46:44,366 --> 00:46:46,600 有些种类能干扰声呐。 Others have the ability to jam the sonar. 773 00:46:46,600 --> 00:46:48,033 换言之， In other words, 774 00:46:48,033 --> 00:46:50,533 它们制造的声波 they're able to create a sound that's so loud 775 00:46:50,533 --> 00:46:54,100 能彻底扰乱蝙蝠定位。 that the bat can't actually find the moth in the night sky. 776 00:46:56,800 --> 00:46:58,866 杰西：我们对此过程 We don't know anything about this process, 777 00:46:58,866 --> 00:47:00,700 知之甚少， because everything is happening at night 778 00:47:00,700 --> 00:47:02,433 因其发生于 in this dark sky, 779 00:47:02,433 --> 00:47:04,166 漆黑夜空， but we have now the equipment 780 00:47:04,166 --> 00:47:07,933 但现有设备可逐步解密这个系统。 to try to unravel this whole system. 781 00:47:26,833 --> 00:47:29,666 苏马科山位于厄瓜多尔 Sumaco, Ecuador, is a lowland mountain 782 00:47:29,666 --> 00:47:33,166 安第斯山脉的亚马逊雨林区， in the Amazonian rainforest in the Andes, 783 00:47:33,166 --> 00:47:35,033 我们前往此地 and we're going there 784 00:47:35,033 --> 00:47:38,333 因其蕴含极高的蛾类多样性。 because there's a really high diversity of moths. 785 00:47:38,333 --> 00:47:40,266 据推测蛾类已存在 So we think that moths have been on the planet 786 00:47:40,266 --> 00:47:42,366 超过三亿年。 for more than 300 million years. 787 00:47:42,366 --> 00:47:45,033 而蝙蝠仅出现约 What's interesting is that bats have only been on the planet 788 00:47:45,033 --> 00:47:47,966 六千万年。 for, we think, about 60 million years. 789 00:47:47,966 --> 00:47:49,866 过去六千万年间， So within the last 60 million years, 790 00:47:49,866 --> 00:47:52,833 蛾类为求生不断进化， these moths have had to evolve to survive, 791 00:47:52,833 --> 00:47:54,533 促成其惊人的 and it's allowed 792 00:47:54,533 --> 00:47:57,166 多样性发展。 this incredible diversification of moths. 793 00:47:58,466 --> 00:48:01,200 秋人：多数蛾类前所未见。 Akito: Most of these moths we haven't seen before. 794 00:48:01,200 --> 00:48:06,333 杰西：大量天蛾科、长喙天蛾属、木蠹蛾属， Jesse: A lot of hawk moths, lot of Adhemarius, Xylophanes. 795 00:48:06,333 --> 00:48:08,666 虎蛾也不少。 A lot of tiger moths, too. 796 00:48:08,666 --> 00:48:10,666 杰西（画外音）：我们探索的核心问题是 Jesse, voice-over: The primary question we're driving at 797 00:48:10,666 --> 00:48:15,033 地球物种多样性的驱动因素。 is what drives diversity of species on the planet. 798 00:48:15,033 --> 00:48:18,366 蝙蝠是哺乳动物中多样性第二的类群， And bats are the second most diverse group of mammals. 799 00:48:18,366 --> 00:48:20,033 而蛾类与蝴蝶 Moths and butterflies 800 00:48:20,033 --> 00:48:22,333 是昆虫中最多样的族群之一。 are one of the most diverse groups of insects. 801 00:48:22,333 --> 00:48:24,500 理解它们在夜空的 Understanding their interactions, 802 00:48:24,500 --> 00:48:26,266 互动与博弈， their battles in the night sky, 803 00:48:26,266 --> 00:48:31,900 正揭示多样性的多重驱动力。 is unlocking many of the drivers of this diversity. 804 00:48:31,900 --> 00:48:33,366 这只蛾真美。 This is a beautiful moth. 805 00:48:33,366 --> 00:48:35,566 这两只应该都会反射性出血。 Both of these guys should reflex bleed. 806 00:48:35,566 --> 00:48:38,233 秋人：闻到臭味了吗？ Akito: Smells bad? Did you smell it? 807 00:48:38,233 --> 00:48:39,400 嗯。 Yeah. 808 00:48:39,400 --> 00:48:41,866 气味非常刺鼻。 Oh, yeah, very strong smell. 809 00:48:41,866 --> 00:48:44,266 秋人（画外音）：我们寻找特定蛾类， Akito, voice-over: We are looking for particular moths. 810 00:48:44,266 --> 00:48:46,066 这只伯氏蛾 Here's one that definitely makes sound 811 00:48:46,066 --> 00:48:47,733 确认能发声。 which we know about, Bertholdia. 812 00:48:47,733 --> 00:48:48,733 没错。 Oh, yeah. 813 00:48:48,733 --> 00:48:50,566 是种高音量的蛾。 It's a very loud moth. 814 00:48:50,566 --> 00:48:52,666 我们重点研究 The ones that we're interested in are the ones 815 00:48:52,666 --> 00:48:55,066 能产生超声波的种类。 that we know produce ultrasound. 816 00:48:55,066 --> 00:48:57,733 同时试图理解其他 We're also trying to understand other species 817 00:48:57,733 --> 00:48:59,766 可能发声的物种。 that might be producing sounds. 818 00:48:59,766 --> 00:49:01,900 许多蛾类尚未测试， A lot of the moths have never been tested, 819 00:49:01,900 --> 00:49:05,300 我们的目标是弄清哪些物种具备此能力、 so our goal is to understand what kinds of species 820 00:49:05,300 --> 00:49:06,966 及其运作机制。 are doing it, how they're doing it. 821 00:49:06,966 --> 00:49:08,633 秋人：看这个。 Akito: Yeah, look at this. 822 00:49:08,633 --> 00:49:10,333 已被蝙蝠攻击过。 It's already damaged by a bat. 823 00:49:10,333 --> 00:49:13,333 翅膀上的透明窗斑 It's amazing. Look how the windows 824 00:49:13,333 --> 00:49:16,133 令人惊叹。 on the wings, they're clear. 825 00:49:16,133 --> 00:49:17,833 可以透视。 You can see through them. 826 00:49:17,833 --> 00:49:19,933 太美了。 Beautiful. 827 00:49:19,933 --> 00:49:22,133 厄瓜多尔之行妙不可言。 Being in Ecuador is amazing. 828 00:49:22,133 --> 00:49:24,333 让我无比欣喜。 This makes me super happy. 829 00:49:24,333 --> 00:49:26,966 目睹如此非凡的多样性， I just love seeing this extraordinary diversity, 830 00:49:26,966 --> 00:49:28,800 知晓地球上仍有 and knowing that there are places on the planet 831 00:49:28,800 --> 00:49:32,466 庇护众多昆虫的净土。 which still harbor so many different kinds of insects. 832 00:49:47,266 --> 00:49:48,833 开始记录梅勒塞蛾。 OK, we're doing Melese. 833 00:49:48,833 --> 00:49:50,400 杰西：明白。 Jesse: OK. 834 00:49:52,100 --> 00:49:53,633 开始录制。 Rolling. 835 00:49:53,633 --> 00:49:55,466 杰西（画外音）：我们播放 Jesse, voice-over: Part of what we do is play back 836 00:49:55,466 --> 00:50:00,333 蝙蝠回声定位攻击序列的录音， recorded bat echolocation attack sequences to moths. 837 00:50:00,333 --> 00:50:04,000 观察蛾类是否回应。 And we try to see if the moths respond. 838 00:50:06,233 --> 00:50:07,566 杰西：有反应了。 Jesse: There it is. 839 00:50:09,133 --> 00:50:11,966 状态良好，发声清晰。 That looks great, and it's making great sound. 840 00:50:13,466 --> 00:50:15,133 秋人：这是12号样本？ Akito: That was 12, right? That was number 12? 841 00:50:15,133 --> 00:50:16,466 杰西：文件40，声音44，蛾类12—— Jesse: File 40, sound 44, moth 12-- 842 00:50:16,466 --> 00:50:17,566 抱歉，是蛾类编号。 Sorry, sorry. Moth number. 843 00:50:17,566 --> 00:50:19,333 对，没错。好的。 Yeah, correct. Correct. OK. 844 00:50:19,333 --> 00:50:21,500 秋人（画外音）：我们试图揭示 Akito, voice-over: One of the things that we're trying to do 845 00:50:21,500 --> 00:50:24,500 其发声机制， is to discover how they actually produce the sounds, 846 00:50:24,500 --> 00:50:26,500 目前认知仍有限。 because we don't actually know that very well. 847 00:50:28,500 --> 00:50:30,066 通过显微镜 So through microscopes, 848 00:50:30,066 --> 00:50:33,300 寻找特定结构。 we can look for the particular structures. 849 00:50:33,300 --> 00:50:36,100 杰西：它运用胸部—— Jesse: She's using her chest, her thorax. 850 00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:38,333 确切说是后胸节段。 Well, kind of the back segment, actually. 851 00:50:38,333 --> 00:50:41,300 类比易拉罐 One way to imagine it is to think of like 852 00:50:41,300 --> 00:50:44,233 侧壁受压内陷 pushing in the side of a pop can that pops in 853 00:50:44,233 --> 00:50:46,633 后弹回的原理。 and then sort of passively pops back out. 854 00:50:46,633 --> 00:50:48,466 机制与此类似。 And that's the way this works, too. 855 00:50:48,466 --> 00:50:50,300 肌肉收缩产生内吸， It requires muscles to pull in, 856 00:50:50,300 --> 00:50:53,500 被动回弹发声。 and then it passively pops back out. 857 00:50:53,500 --> 00:50:55,933 秋人（画外音）：我们发现某些物种 Akito, voice-over: We've discovered that some species 858 00:50:55,933 --> 00:50:59,300 通过摩擦生殖器发声， will produce sounds by rubbing their genitals together, 859 00:50:59,300 --> 00:51:01,633 产生超声波。 and this produces ultrasound. 860 00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:05,000 飞行时向蝙蝠 And they shoot that sound at the bats 861 00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:07,033 发射声波。 while they're flying. 862 00:51:07,033 --> 00:51:09,200 其他种类摩擦身体不同部位， Others will rub different parts of their bodies. 863 00:51:09,200 --> 00:51:12,033 或通过咔嗒器发声。 They have clicking devices that produce sounds. 864 00:51:12,033 --> 00:51:14,200 这些机制对 All these are important 865 00:51:14,200 --> 00:51:17,366 夜空中的"蝠语交流"至关重要。 in terms of talking to the bats in the night sky. 866 00:51:18,666 --> 00:51:21,300 杰西（画外音）：我视它们为微型怪兽， Jesse, voice-over: I think of them as tiny, little monsters 867 00:51:21,300 --> 00:51:23,633 因其独特性。 because of their uniqueness. 868 00:51:23,633 --> 00:51:25,233 多样性令人叹服， There's so much diversity, 869 00:51:25,233 --> 00:51:29,033 各种奇特结构执行着 and you see incredible features doing some function 870 00:51:29,033 --> 00:51:31,833 助其生存的功能。 that's helping that animal survive. 871 00:51:31,833 --> 00:51:33,866 这仅是抗蝠策略一面。 And that's just the anti-bat side. 872 00:51:33,866 --> 00:51:35,966 它们拥有超长口器， They have really long tongues, 873 00:51:35,966 --> 00:51:38,533 需熟悉整片地域的 and they're learning an entire landscape 874 00:51:38,533 --> 00:51:41,400 蜜源花卉分布， of different flowers to nectar from, 875 00:51:41,400 --> 00:51:43,466 作为关键传粉者， they're incredibly important pollinators, 876 00:51:43,466 --> 00:51:48,866 维系陆地生态系统根基。 and they underpin all ecosystems on land. 877 00:51:48,866 --> 00:51:51,300 正因此，其持续衰退 And that's why their ongoing declines 878 00:51:51,300 --> 00:51:53,533 亟需被理解。 are so critical to understand. 879 00:51:53,533 --> 00:51:57,033 昆虫消亡意味着万物倾覆。 Because if we lose insects, we lose everything. 880 00:51:58,866 --> 00:52:00,766 旁白：尽管机智非凡， Narrator: For all their ingenuity, 881 00:52:00,766 --> 00:52:03,400 适应力强的蛾类可能面临 fast-adapting moths may be confronting 882 00:52:03,400 --> 00:52:07,300 难以应对的新威胁。 new threats even they can't outwit. 883 00:52:07,300 --> 00:52:09,933 气温上升与栖息地丧失 Rising temperatures and habitat loss 884 00:52:09,933 --> 00:52:15,266 使许多蛾类种群减少近半。 have reduced many moth populations by nearly 50%. 885 00:52:15,266 --> 00:52:18,766 但它们与蝙蝠的夜战印证了 But their night battles with bats are a testament 886 00:52:18,766 --> 00:52:24,433 昆虫亘古不变的适应与求生意志。 to the age-old will of insects to adapt and survive. 887 00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:30,266 有些昆虫进化出 And while some bugs have devised clever ways 888 00:52:30,266 --> 00:52:32,433 巧妙的避敌策略， to avoid predation, 889 00:52:32,433 --> 00:52:37,300 另一些则蜕变为更高效的猎手。 others have evolved to become better predators themselves. 890 00:52:54,033 --> 00:52:55,200 《虫临天下》 "Bugs That Rule the World" 891 00:52:55,200 --> 00:52:57,100 可通过PBS Passport is available with PBS Passport 892 00:52:57,100 --> 00:52:59,200 及亚马逊Prime视频观看。 and on Amazon Prime Video